Separating and upgrading method of bio-oil by column chromatography

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment and new energy, and relates to a separating and upgrading method of bio-oil by column chromatography. The bio-oil refers to a viscous oily substance generated by hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis and other processes of biomass raw materials such as enteromorpha, microalgae, straw, salix psammophila, tobacco stems, corn cobs, wood chips and water hyacinth, and the bio-oil passes through a chromatography column by taking silica gel or aluminum oxide and the like as a carrier, and is respectively subjected to gradient elution with different organic solvents so as to respectively obtain different components such as organic acids, ketones, esters and phenols; and after being pooled and concentrated, the different compounds are separated by chromatography columns with different natures to obtain a bio-oil component with relatively higher purity, therefore the separation of a complex bio-oil mixing system is realized, and the development of biomass industry is greatly promoted. Compared with the traditional distillation separation, solvent extraction and other methods, the separation method has the advantages of low energy consumption, mild conditions, simple technological process, high separation efficiency, recycling and reuse of eluent, environmental friendliness and the like.