Evolutionary algorithm based structural optimization for patch antenna design and its performance analysis

Modern communication technology demands high performance miniaturized planar antennas. Designing planar antennas such as microstrip patch are well studied and have tremendous scope in the development based on the required objectives. Several optimization techniques were reported for the design of patch antennas but limited to dimensional parameters only. In this work we have adapted evolutionary algorithm based optimization which optimizes the dimension as well as the structure of the patch. This shows unconventional structures with better electrical performances. Here we assume a unit square patch of λ/8 for the construction of the radiating structure of the antenna element using the algorithm. The antenna is designed to operate at 2.45GHz. The major outcome of this work is that the evolutionary algorithm outcome is interfaced with the RF Simulation to make it fully automatic iterative system. The performances were compared to the conventional patch and it was found that the algorithm based patch antenna gave better results.