Selection guidelines for BMSs used in ultralight electric vehicles

This paper highlights the importance of a BMS when operating with lithium-ion cells, especially within narrow SOA. A classification of BMSs is proposed based on four criteria. Based on the classification guidelines for optimal selection of a BMS for given application are also proposed. Using the guidelines an example BMS is selected and studied experimentally. The studied system operates within the SOA, reveals high accuracy during the balancing process, obtains achieves short response time and it is easy to setup and use. The algorithm applied for experimental validation is presented and discussed.