‘The Paideia of the Greeks’: On the Methodology of Roland Barthes's Comment vivre ensemble11.Thanks to Diana Knight, Miriam Leonard, Anneleen Masschelein, Judith Mossman and Luc Van der Stockt for their help and advice during the writing process of this text.

Abstract When Barthes starts to conceptualize his courses at the College de France, he envisions a methodology which he actually considers to be an ‘anti-method’, that is to say, an ‘unscientific’ method which goes against the grain of traditional education. He pursues the method of his seminars at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, especially the seminar that ended up with the publication of A Lover's Discourse. In the conclusion to the seminar, Barthes turns to Nietzsche to ground this ‘anti-method’ and to substantiate his claim that literature is a vital dimension of his research and teaching. In the introductory session of Comment vivre ensemble, Barthes labels this ‘anti-method’ – once more with the help of Nietzsche – ‘paideia’. This article aims to scrutinize the scope, the potentialities and the risks of this Greek word to Barthes's theory and ideas on life, criticism and literature.