Prevalencia de alteraciones nutricionales en pacientes con cáncer en un hospital de Tercer Nivel

espanolIntroduccion: Los pacientes diagnosticados con cancer son susceptibles a diferentes enfermedades nutricionales, como la desnutricion, la sarcopenia y la caquexia, que tienen valores pronosticos. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de alteraciones nutricionales en sujetos con cancer. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio con diseno transversal. Pacientes adultos de ambos sexos fueron seleccionados y luego fueron sometidos a evaluaciones medicas y nutricionales en el servicio de oncologia ambulatoria. Se realizo el diagnostico nutricional, asi como el diagnostico de sarcopenia o caquexia de acuerdo a criterios internacionales. Resultados: Se incluyeron a un total de 119 sujetos, el 57,1% eran mujeres. La edad fue de 55,9 ± 14,2 anos, y el indice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio fue de 25,0 ± 4,88 kg / m2. De la poblacion total estudiada, el 25,2% tenia cancer de mama, el 17,6% de cancer gastrointestinal y el 16,8% de cancer hematologico y otras neoplasias. De acuerdo a la clasificacion de la OMS, el 14% de los sujetos tenian bajo peso, el 40% tenian peso normal, el 30% tenian sobrepeso y el 16% obesidad. La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue del 26,1%. Se observo que los voluntarios masculinos tenian un mayor riesgo de presentar sarcopenia [OR 13,1 (IC 95% 4,5-37,9, p EnglishIntroduction: Patients who are diagnosed with cancer are subjected to different nutritional maladies, such as malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia that have prognostic values. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional alterations in subjects with cancer. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design. Adult volunteers of both sexes were recruited and then underwent medical and nutritional assessments at the ambulatory oncology service. Diagnoses of sarcopenia and cachexia were made according to international criteria. Results: A total of 119 subjects were recruited, 57.1% were women. The mean age was 55.9 ± 14.2 years, and the mean body mass index was 25.0 ± 4.88 kg/m2. Of the total population studied, 25.2% had breast cancer, 17.6% gastrointestinal cancer, and 16.8% hematologic cancer and other neoplasms. According to the WHO guidelines for body mass index, 14% of subjects were underweight, 40% had normal weight, 30% were overweight and 16% were obese. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 26.1%; we observed that male volunteers had a higher risk of presenting sarcopenia [OR 13.1 (IC 95% 4.5-37.9, p