WESTERN REDCEDAR/DEVIL'S-CLUB/OSTRICH FERN Thuja plicata/Oplopanax horridus/Matteuccia struthiopteris

This moist forested community has a canopy dominated by western redcedar (Thuja plicata), with some hybrid white spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera). The shrub layer is dominated by devil’s-club (Oplopanax horridus), and has a moderate cover of thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus). Black gooseberry (Ribes lacustre) and Douglas maple (Acer glabrum) are also present, typically with low cover. The dense herb layer is dominated by oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris latifolia), one leaved-foamflower (Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata), enchanter’s-nightshade (Circaea alpina), and toothed wood fern (Dryopteris carthusiana). Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris), lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina), common miterwort (Mitella nuda), and meadow horsetail (Equisetum pratense) are present with moderate cover. Coastal leafy moss (Plagiomnium insigne) dominates the poorly developed moss layer. See Meidinger et al. (1984, 1988) and DeLong et al. (1996) for detailed descriptions.