Production, certification, and application of standard specimens of ionizing radiation and standard solutions of radionuclides in the USSR

In the Soviet Union standard sources of alpha, beta, and gamma rays an neutron radiation, standard solutions of radionuclides, and standard specimens of solutions and gases are produced on the basis of a large number of radionuclides. Standard spectrometric alpha-ray sources (SSAS), produced in the form of sets consisting of four sources based on Pu 238, Pu 239, Ra 226 + daughter products, and the mixture Pu 238 + Pu 239 + U 233 are intended for the calibration of alpha-spectrometers. Characteristics of SSAS that are certified are listed along with measuring errors.