The effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (Carassius auratus).
2009
SUMMARY Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature-induced
changes in functional gill lamellar surface area on the distribution of
ionocytes and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish ( Carassius
auratus ). In fish acclimated to warm water (25°C), the ionocytes were
scattered along the lamellae and within the interlamellar regions of the
filament. In cold water (7°C), the ionocytes were largely absent from the
lamellae and filaments but instead were mostly confined to the outer regions
of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) that formed within the interlamellar
channels. Using a `time-differential double fluorescent staining9 technique,
it was determined that in fish transferred from 25° to 7°C, the
ionocytes on the outer edge of (and within) the ILCM originated predominantly
from the migration of pre-existing ionocytes and to a lesser extent from the
differentiation of progenitor cells. Despite the greater functional lamellar
surface area in the warm-water-acclimated fish, there was no associated
statistically significant increase in passive branchial Cl –
efflux. Because the paracellular efflux of polyethylene glycol was increased
2.5-fold at the warmer temperature, it would suggest that goldfish
specifically regulate (minimize) Cl – loss that otherwise
would accompany the increasing functional lamellar surface area. In contrast
to predictions, the numbers and sizes of individual ionocytes was inversely
related to functional lamellar surface area resulting in a markedly greater
ionocyte surface area in fish acclimated to cold water (5219±438
compared with 2103±180 μm 2 mm –1 of
filament). Paradoxically, the activity of Na + /K + -ATPase
(as measured at room temperature) also was lower in the cold-water fish
(0.43±0.06 compared with 1.28±0.15 μmol mg –1
protein h –1 ) despite the greater numbers of ionocytes. There
were no statistically significant differences in the rates of
Cl – uptake in the two groups of fish despite the differences
in ionocyte abundance. It is possible that to maintain normal rates of
Cl – uptake, a greater ionocyte surface area is required in
the cold-water fish that possess an ILCM because of the unfavorable
positioning of the ionocytes on and within the ILCM, a structure lacking any
obvious blood supply.
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