Pathway of sustainable fuel development with novel generation biofuels

In response to climate change due to the greenhouse effect, renewable sources of energy are growing very fast, such as solar and wind power. Especially, advanced biofuels are attracting the attention of researchers and leading energy companies in the world. Biofuels are considered as one of the priority solutions in the gradual replacement of mineral fuels. However, in recent decades, bio-energy has undergone many "ups and downs," and up to now, it has not been able to rise to a position worthy of expectations. The reason is that the development of the first-generation biofuels is mainly based on materials of food origin or can compete with food. Therefore, the world is shifting to developing second-generation biofuels (based on biomass metabolism processes that originate not to compete with food production), also known as sustainable biofuels with many difficulties and challenges but promising a bright future. From diverse raw materials, advanced biofuel processing and manufacturing technology processes based on biochemical and chemical transformations, thermal - chemical as well as thermal - catalysts are being deployed at different scales to create products with increasingly low prices, aiming to compete with mineral fuels. The paper will focus on brief analysis and evaluation of biofuel generations (including four generations), with the biofuel production process and the pathway of applying those biofuels to energy security and sustainable fuel development.