Density depressed stratified chilled water storage systems

Thermal energy storage systems have been used in the United States for several decades to provide building space conditioning. Historically, there have been three thermal storage media choices available: ice, chilled water, and eutectics. Recently, chilled water with a freezing point depressant has been proposed as an alternative to these media choices. This paper discusses the motivation for pursuing maximum density point depressant working fluids, the potential additives for depressing maximum density point, and makes projections for performance compared with ice and chilled water storage in large commercial building applications.