Studies on sustainability of simulated constructed wetland system for treatment of urban waste: Design and operation

Abstract New system configurations and wide range of treatability make constructed wetland (CW) as an eco-sustainable on-site approach of waste management. Keeping this view into consideration, a novel configured three-stage simulated CW was designed to study its performance efficiency and relative importance of plants and substrate in purification processes. Two species of submerged plant i.e., Potamogeton crispus and Hydrilla verticillata were selected for this study. After 6 months of establishment, operation and maintenance of simulated wetland, enhanced reduction in physicochemical parameters was observed, which was maximum in the planted CW. The percentage removal (%) of the pollutants in three-stage mesocosms was; conductivity (60.42%), TDS (67.27%), TSS (86.10%), BOD (87.81%), NO 3 -N (81.28%) and PO 4 -P (83.54%) at 72 h of retention time. Submerged macrophyte used in simulated wetlands showed a significant time dependent accumulation of toxic metals ( p  ≤ 0.05). P. crispus accumulated the highest Mn (86.36 μg g −1  dw) in its tissue followed by Cr (54.16 μg g −1  dw), Pb (31.56 μg g −1  dw), Zn (28.06 μg g −1  dw) and Cu (25.76 μg g −1  dw), respectively. In the case of H. verticillata , it was Zn (45.29), Mn (42.64), Pb (22.62), Cu (18.09) and Cr (16.31 μg g −1  dw). Thus, results suggest that the application of simulated CW tackles the water pollution problem more efficiently and could be exploited in small community level as alternative and cost effective tools of phytoremediation.