Fragmentos da presença do pensamento idealista na história da construção das ciências da natureza

The purpose of this work is to set up the way done by the idealism in its participation in the construction of the nature's sciences since the Antiquity to the XXth Century. To ancient thinkers the material world was governed by the idea and the way to apprehend it was whether through the soul contemplation or through the logic and observation. In the escolastic the idea is God. In renaissance God becomes mathematician. To Galileu the world's mathematics is understood through experimentation. For Descartes the world is mechanical and understood by deductive hypothesis. Newton perceives the mechanical world built and corrected by a geometrician God and understood by the observation and experimentation. The empiricists take out the idea from the universe and place it in the human soul. In Kant the rules that organize the ideas in mind also organize the material world. In Hegel the real only is real because it is rational and this rationality comes from God that change the natural world and reaches the human soul. The thinkers, influenced by Hegel, perceive the material laws' incapacity to explain life laws. Comte and Bergson try, in different ways, to submit the material laws to life science laws. The mechanicist universe is absorbed by the relativistic determinism and by the quantum probabilism. The logic language joins empiricism to describe the science, in order to take from it the idealism and the metaphyscs and, after a flourishing period, finish with no success. The difficulty to apprehend the reality turns to be the science problem at the end of the XXth Century and the search for a possible solution approaches the science to the idealism.