Proximal junctional kyphosis

Abstract Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) is defined as a proximal junctional sagittal Cobb angle of ≥ 10° or a proximal junctional sagittal Cobb angle at least 10° greater than the preoperative measurement. There are several risk factors for the development of PJK identified in literature using univariate analysis. Majority of these risk factors are no longer significant after multivariate analysis. Pointing to the fact that proximal junction kyphosis arises from a multifactorial etiology, further studies with long term follow-up are needed for patients with PJK to elicit risk factors in terms of patients, spinopelvic parameters, and surgical techniques.