Road traffic injury associated with alcohol intoxication (clinical and epidemiological analysis based on traffic participation)

Background. The article is devoted to the problem of traffic accidents that occurred against the background of alcohol intoxication. With the development of technology and science over the past decade, the number of victims with severe multisystem damage has increased worldwide. The most common causes of injuries are traffic accidents. According to the WHO, road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death among people of working age. The UN Decade of Road Safety (2011–2020) has indicated that road safety is the most painful and difficult issue to address. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of alcohol intoxication on the circumstances of injuries based on the participation in traffic in victims with multisystem injuries due to traffic accidents. Materials and methods. A scientific retrospective analysis of 312 cases of multisystem injuries in road accident victims who were treated in the Polytrauma Department of the Kyiv City Clinical Ambulance Hospital in 2018–2019 years. Results. The injuries due to road accidents occur in 46 % of people who are intoxicated. There is a probable dependence of road accident victims on the signs of alcohol intoxication and participation in the traffic. In a state of alcohol intoxication, drivers are injured in 46.43 % of cases, pedestrians in 52.53 %, passengers in 31.43 %. The comparative analysis of the risk of death in victims of accidents with and without alcohol intoxication and based on the participation in traffic proved that the risk of death of drivers while intoxicated is more than 2-fold higher than in drivers without alcohol intoxication and is 0.49. Conclusions. Pedestrians have the greatest clinically effective risks of fatalities in the traumatic process, regardless of the presence or absence of alcohol intoxication, such a risk is critical or catastrophic. Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of a fatal traumatic process in active road users (drivers and pedestrians) and does not impact this result in passive road users (passengers)