Hepatitis B virus-triggered PTEN/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling enhances PD-L1 expression to promote immune evasion

Background and Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exploits multiple strategies to evade host immune surveillance. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling plays a critical role in ...