Anesthesiologic aspects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Anesthesiological considerations are discussed on the basis of the limited literature available and our own experience with more than 2000 ESWL treatments. Guidelines concerning anesthesia technique and ESWL treatment of renal and ureteral stones are outlined and compared to our own results and those in the literature. The following techniques are discussed: intubation anesthesia with halogenated carbohydrogens (Fluothane, Ethrane), intubation anesthesia with Fluothane/Ethrane plus opiates, neuroleptic anesthesia, catheter peridural anesthesia (lumbar/thoracic), opiate analgesia and high frequency jet ventilation.