Evaluación de subproductos de Solanum tuberosum y Daucus carota mediante FES como alternativa en la alimentación animal

2021 
espanolLa creciente demanda de alimentos como maiz o soya ha favorecido la implementacion de biotecnologias por medio del aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales con el fin de obtener dietas alternativas con alto valor biologico. Por esta razon, el objetivo de esta investigacion fue elaborar una dieta a base de subproductos de cosecha de papa Solanum tuberosum y zanahoria Daucus carota tratados mediante Fermentacion en Estado Solido (FES). Se realizo analisis de calidad postcosecha, posteriormente, se mezclaron en proporcion de 15% junto con palmiste (20%), cema de trigo (20%), torta de soya (10%), maiz (10%), cascarilla de cafe (5%), melaza (4%) y aditamentos como premezcla vitaminica (0,5%) e inoculante bacteriano (0,5%). A continuacion, el alimento preparado se sometio a FES y se evaluo por medio de analisis composicional y microbiologico. Se realizo analisis estadistico descriptivo de las variables evaluadas y se obtuvo valores de MS de 66,7%, humedad 33,3%, proteina bruta 19,4%, cenizas 5,21%, extracto etereo 6,35% y fibra cruda 16,9%. El analisis microbiologico determino que el recuento de mesofilos aerobios fue mayor exponencialmente a las 48 horas respecto de las 72 horas (110,67± 23,44), no se observo crecimiento de mohos y levaduras a las 48 horas y a las 72 horas se reportaron (14,67 UFC/g ± 5,03). Se concluye que mediante el uso de FES se puede incrementar el valor biologico de la papa y zanahoria en mezcla con otras materias primas para la obtencion de dietas destinadas a la alimentacion animal. EnglishThe growing demand for foods such as corn or soybeans has favored the implementation of biotechnologies through the use of agro-industrial waste in order to obtain alternative diets with high biological value. For this reason, the objective of this research was to develop a diet based on harvest by-products of potato Solanum tuberosum and carrot Daucus carota treated by Solid State Fermentation (FES). Postharvest quality analysis was carried out, subsequently, they were mixed in a proportion of 15% together with palm kernel (20%), wheat ceme (20%), soybean cake (10%), corn (10%), coffee husk (5%), molasses (4%) and additives such as vitamin premix (0.5%) and bacterial inoculant (0.5%). The prepared food was then subjected to FES and evaluated by compositional and microbiological analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis of the evaluated variables was performed and DM values ​​of 66.7%, humidity 33.3%, crude protein 19.4%, ash 5.21%, ether extract 6.35% and crude fiber 16,9% were obtained. The microbiological analysis determined that the aerobic mesophil count was exponentially higher at 48 hours compared to 72 hours (110.67 ± 23.44), no growth of molds and yeasts was observed at 48 hours and at 72 hours they were reported (14.67 CFU / g ± 5.03). It is concluded that by using FES the biological value of potatoes and carrots can be increased in a mixture with other raw materials to obtain diets intended for animal feed.
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