Long-term complications after facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.

Long-term complications after facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.To review and summarize the existing evidence for long-term anatomical and functional complications after pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.The MEDLINE database and the bibliographies of relevant studies were selected, analysed and appraised prior to December 2015.With regard to the search strategy, the selected items were: ((long-term complications) AND pharyngeal) AND laryngeal) AND tracheal) AND traumas. Abstracts and titles were screened for relevance, while full articles of the se- lected records were evaluated and critically appraised after inclusion. Data concerning life-threatening situations, as well as long-term severe adverse effects were collected.