Effects of particle size and polymorph type of TiO2 on the properties of BaTiO3 nanopowder prepared by solid-state reaction.

Abstract Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has attracted considerable attention as a perovskite ferroelectric ceramic material for electronic multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). Fine BaTiO3 nanopowders with a considerably high tetragonality directly influence the typical properties of nanopowders; however, their synthesis has remained challenging. In this study, we analyzed the effect of two different TiO2 powders with anatase and rutile phases in a solid-state reaction with barium carbonate (BaCO3). The effect of the particle size ratio (TiO2/BaCO3) of the raw materials on the tetragonality and particle size of the as-synthesized BaTiO3 powders was also determined through extensive characterization of the powders by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The present investigation reveals that the design BaTiO3 structure is expected to advance the development of efficient catalytic and sensor materials for sustainable environmental applications.