Aptamer-based ATP-responsive delivery systems for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Abstract In recent years, many stimuli-triggered drug delivery platforms have been designed to deliver drugs accurately to specific sites and reduce their side effects, improving “on-demand” therapeutic efficacy. Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)-responsive drug delivery methods are examples of these systems that use ATP molecules as a trigger for delivery of therapeutic agents. Since intra- and extra-cellular ATP concentrations are significantly different from each other (1-10 mM and