Fistulae involving rectum and urethra: the place of Parks's operations.

Summary— Twenty-five rectovesical and rectourethral fistulae were treated over an 18–year period in which various methods for closing the rectal side of the fistula were developed, ultimately with two techniques using the full thickness of intestine. As a result of these operations the management of the urethral and vesical side of the fistulae became a relatively simple problem to which standard techniques could be applied.