Experimental observations of in situ secondary electron yield reduction in the PEP-II particle accelerator beam line ☆

Beam instability caused by the electron cloud has been observed in positron and proton storage rings and it is expected to be a limiting factor in the performance of the positron damping ring (DR) of future linear colliders (LC) such as ILC and CLIC [1,2]. To test a series of promising possible electron cloud mitigation techniques as surface coatings and grooves, in the Positron low-energy ring (LER) of the PEP-II accelerator, we have installed several test vacuum chambers including (i) a special chamber to monitor the variation in the secondary electron yield of technical surface materials and coatings under the effect of ion, electron and photon conditioning in situ in the beam line (ii) chambers with grooves [3] in a straight magnetic-free section and (iii) coated chambers in a dedicated newly installed 4-magnet chicane [4] to study mitigations in a magnetic field region. In this paper, we describe the ongoing R&D effort to mitigate the electron cloud effect for the LC damping ring, focusing on the first experimental area and on results of the reduction in the secondary electron yield due to in situ conditioning.