Pedestrian Navigation Based on 3D Map and Mobile Interaction

Recently pedestrian navigation has been studied by many researchers, which provides pedestrians with a similar function of car navigation. On the other hand, a 3dimensional (3D) map, which is one of major themes in machine vision research, has been utilized as a simulation tool in city and landscape planning, and other engineering fields. The 3D maps will give more intuitive information compared to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) ones. In this paper we first propose pedestrian navigation based on 3D maps, and describe technologies required and its use situations. Secondly we compare effectiveness of 2D and 3D maps for navigation by object search experiments under conditions: 3D maps with and without texture; display sizes corresponding to a mobile phone and PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). The experimental results show that 3D maps with texture on mobile phone display size, and 3D maps without texture on PDA display size are superior to 2D maps in search time and error rate. From these results, we can say the effectiveness of 3D maps in pedestrian navigation.