A Conceptual Model for Persuasive In-Vehicle Technology to Influence Tactical Level Driver Behaviour

Persuasive in-vehicle systems aim to intuitively influence the attitudes and/or behaviour of a driver (i.e. without forcing them). However, the challenge in using these systems in a driving setting, is to maximise the persuasive effect without infringing upon the driver's safety. This paper proposes a conceptual model for driver persuasion at the tactical level (i.e., driver manoeuvring level, such as lane-changing and car-following). The main focus of the conceptual model is to describe how to safely persuade a driver to change his or her behaviour, and how persuasive systems may affect driver behaviour. First, existing conceptual and theoretical models that describe behaviour are discussed, along with their applicability to the driving task. Next, we investigate the persuasive methods used with a focus on the traffic domain. Based on this we develop a conceptual model that incorporates behavioural theories and persuasive methods, and which describes how effective and safe driver persuasion functions. Finally, we apply the model to a case study of a lane-specific advice system that aims to reduce travel time delay and traffic congestion by advising some drivers to change lanes in order to achieve a better distribution of traffic over the motorway lanes.