Mechanisms of development of cardiovascular diseases in age-related disorders of the nervous system

Prospects for the development of the nervism doctrine in Kazan are related to the continuation of the main scientific fields specific to Kazan medical schools - studying phylo-ontogenesis of the nervous system and the importance of its violations in the development of main diseases using the latest methods. The age-related transformations of the human cardiovascular system innervation in the pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in normal conditions and in major cardiovascular diseases are under study. It was found that the relationship between the human brain and heart during the first 30-40 years of life are characterized by optimally high activity, but then, along with age-related changes in the neurons of the central nervous system there is a decrease in activity of the somatic part of the peripheral nervous system. As morphofunctional studies showed, it is partially related to a decrease in the content of neurotransmitters in the sympathetic plexus of the heart and blood vessels. A concept on the mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system ontogenesis is formulating, it was revealed that the fetal period, along with the differentiation of the central nervous system, is characterized by the beginning of mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system, the phenomenon of early involution of its sympathetic part in normal conditions and in different types of cardiovascular pathology is described. Neurohistochemical data are compared with the results of heart rate variability in healthy individuals and in hypertensive disease. The original data on the nitric oxide synthase content in cardiac nervous system in healthy individuals and in ischemic heart disease are given, the prospects of immunocytochemistry studies of central and peripheral nervous system in age aspect and in major cardiovascular diseases are outlined.