A prebiotic protocell model based on dynamic protein membranes accommodating anabolic reactions

The nature of the first prebiotic compartments and their possible minimal molecular composition is of great importance in the origin of life scenarios. Current protocell model membranes are proposed to be lipid-based. This paradigm has several shortcomings such as limited membrane stability of monoacyl lipid-based membranes (e.g., fatty acids), missing pathways to synthesize protocell membrane components (e.g., phospholipids) under early earth conditions, and the requirement for different classes of molecules for the formation of compartments and the catalysis of reactions. Amino acids on the other hand are known to arise and persist with remarkable abundance under early earth conditions since the fundamental Miller–Urey experiments. They were also postulated early to form protocellular structures, for example, proteinoid capsules. Here, we present a protocell model constituted by membranes assembled from amphiphilic proteins based on prebiotic amino acids. Self-assembled dynamic protein membrane-based co...