USE OF DURUM WHEAT GENE POOL IN BREEDING OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT

The introgression lines of spring bread wheat L679 and L299, which are resistant to the leaf rust pathogen, were analyzed. These lines were obtained as a result of interspecific hybridization of the spring bread wheat cultivar Dobrynya and the durum wheat cultivar Zolotaya volna. The effectiveness of the resistances of L679 and L299 were evaluated against the Saratov population of the pathogen in the field as well as for three test clones with virulence to the Lr9, Lr19, and Lr26-resistance genes. High resistance was determined both in the stage of seedlings and in the stage of adult plants. The study into the presence of known Lr-resistance genes using seventeen DNA markers revealed the presence of the Lr19 gene and an unidentified gene. The hybridological analysis confirmed the presence of a complementary interaction of the two genes. The prebreeding studies of lines L679 and L299 were conducted during 2015–2019. The experimental material was randomly sown in 7 m2 plots in four replicates. The productivity and quality of grain—assessed based on the crude gluten content, indicators of the IDK-1, and the physical properties of the dough, evaluated using a Chopin alveograph—were studied. The obtained data were subjected to ANOVA analysis. The prebreeding studies have shown that the agronomic traits in L679 and L299 based on grain productivity and the quality of bread flour did not deteriorate, either in years with epiphytotic pathogens or during severe droughts.