Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent by the Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) in the Northern Great Lakes

Comments from S. Joseph Munchak and Robert Meneghini of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Charles (Chip) Helms of Universities Space Research Association, Liang Liao of Morgan State University are highly appreciated. Discussions with Norm Wood of University of Wisconsin-Madison on PIP data processing was very helpful. Leo Pio D’Adderio of National Research Council of Italy provided Figure 1 of this study. Thanks to the National Weather Service in Marquette, Michigan for hosting and maintaining the suite of instruments used in this work and sharing meteorological data. Thanks to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program for providing the PIP, Pluvio, and Parsivel instruments used in this work. Acknowledgments extend to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is partially supported by the NASA award (80NCCS19M0139) under Patrick N. Gatlin of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Principal Investigator. The instrument deployment and data processing for the observations from the Marquette, Michigan snowfall suite are supported by NASA grant number 80NSSC18K0701 and NOAA grant number NA15NES4320001. Claire Pettersen’s efforts on this work are supported by NASA grant number 80NSSC19K0712 and Mark Kulie’s efforts are supported by NASA PMM grant 80NSSC20K0982. Annakaisa von Lerber is funded by the Academy of Finland postdoctoral scholarship (333901). The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA or the Department of Commerce.