Влияние миграционных процессов на эпидемическую ситуацию по туберкулезу и ВИЧ-инфекции в России

The growing changes in migration and mobility of the population in Russia require additional study of the epidemic situation related to infectious diseases and evaluation of preparedness of specialized medical services and existing resources of the health care system. Assessment of the incidence rates shows the higher figures among foreign citizens compared to native population as regards tuberculosis (2013: 163.2 versus 61.6 per 100,000 population) and lower figures for HIV-infection (107.5 versus 315.1 respectively). The study of behavioral risks of acquiring infectious diseases (HIV-infection, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis) and socio-economic living conditions and factors influencing on the self-referral to the Russian medical units conducted among labor migrants in St. Petersburg, showed fairly low level of awareness of socially important diseases and protection from infections in migrants. Due to the fear of deportation in case of detection of infectious diseases, high price of medical services and lack of motivation of the employer to pay for medical insurance, migrants often practice self-treatment. Very few migrants (10%) present themselves for mandatory annual fluorography screening. A significant flow of refugees from Ukraine especially from the regions with high risk of infectious diseases require special attention from the Russian Ministry of Health and the relevant financial support. There is also a lack of cooperation between bodies of Rospotrebnadzor and medical units submitting data on notifications of HIV-infection and tuberculosis in foreign citizens. Coordination mechanisms have to be improved to overcome the found deficiencies.