Notice of Retraction Ammonia oxidation in integrated powdered activated carbon and microfiltration process

Filtration experiments using a bench-scale immersed membrane separation system combined with high dose of PAC (powdered activated carbon) were conducted in order to investigate ammonia oxidation. The experiments were carried out under such operation conditions as a filtration rate of 0.5 m/d, water temperature of 20°C. Synthetic water was used as the source water; the influent concentrations of TOC (total organic carbon), and NH 4 + -N (ammonia nitrogen) were 7.8 mg/l, and 6.8 mg/l, respectively. Ammonia oxidation started to occur on the 12th day from the operation and was completed on the 22nd day. This study found that high concentration of PAC accelerated ammonia oxidation in PAC-MF system.