Modeling of the behavior of H2 vehicle users. A bilevel model for the location of hydrogen refueling stations.

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the infrastructure to be made available for refueling alternative fuel vehicles as a function of the profitability thresholds required by the investment. A methodology has been devised based on sales forecasts for alternative fuel vehicles. These methods use discrete choice models in which the factor of refueling infrastructure, rather than being considered simply as one more attribute of the model, acts as a constraint on the choice set for vehicle buyers. This methodology is used to estimate the infrastructure of hydrogen refueling stations and electricity charging stations for Spain (8; 112 population centers) in 2030. Evolution of fuel cell vehicles over the years2016 and 2030 is also estimated and compared with forecasts for countries such as France,Germany and the United Kingdom.