Radicular grooves and complex root morphologies of mandibular premolars among Israel population.

Abstract Introduction Mandibular premolars usually have one root and one root canal. Different studies found that up to 30% of mandibular premolars have more than one root canal and up to 24% of mandibular premolars have C-shape canals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the root anatomy and the prevalence of complex root canal morphology in mandibular premolars in Israel population. Methods A total of 1,020 Israeli patients’ cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were screened and evaluated. A total of 1,835 mandibular first premolars and 1,678 mandibular second premolars were examined. Irregular root anatomy and different root canal morphologies were recorded and analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of complex root morphology (types II - VIII) in mandibular first and second premolars were 21% and 2.8%, respectively. The bilateral prevalence of complex root morphology in mandibular first and second premolars were 46% and 29%, respectively. The prevalence of radicular grooves in mandibular first and second premolars with complex root morphology were 48% and 36%, respectively. Nosignificant difference was found according to gender or the side of occurrence. However, complex root canal morphology was significantly found in mandibular premolars with radicular grooves. Conclusion Complex root canal morphology is frequently occurs in mandibular first premolars in the population of Israel. Radicular groove existence in mandibular first and second premolars is significantly related to complex root canal morphology .