Targeting Parasympathetic Activity to Improve Autonomic Tone & Clinical Outcomes.

In this review we will briefly summarize the evidence that autonomic imbalance, and more specifically, reduced parasympathetic activity to the heart generates and/or maintains many cardiorespiratory diseases; and discuss mechanisms and sites, from myocytes to the brain, that are potential translational targets for restoring parasympathetic activity and improving cardiorespiratory health.