Elevated level of interleukin‐6 predicts organ failure and severe disease in patients with acute pancreatitis

Background and Aim:  Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of the present paper was to study the profile of anti- and proinflammatory cytokines in AP and to determine their predictive value for severity of AP, organ failure and mortality. Methods:  Consecutive patients with AP were included in the study. Cytokines were measured in those patients who presented within the first 72 h of the onset of AP. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-Iβ, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of AP. Results:  Of 108 patients, 30 presented within 72 h of the onset (mean age 40.27 ± 13.89 years; 22 males). Of the 30 patients, 13 (43.3%) had severe and 17 (56.7%) had mild pancreatitis. Eleven (36.7%) patients developed organ failure and three died. The level of IL-6 on day 3 was significantly higher in severe pancreatitis than in mild pancreatitis (146.29 ± 57.53 pg/mL vs 91.42 ± 71.65 pg/mL; P = 0.04) and was significantly higher in patients who developed organ failure compared with those who did not (161.59 ± 53.46 pg/mL vs 88.16 ± 65.50 pg/mL; P = 0.004). At a cut-off value of 122 pg/mL on day 3, IL-6 predicted organ failure and severe pancreatitis with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 77.7%, respectively. TNF-α and IL-10 were detectable only in one-third of patients and were not related to the severity of pancreatitis, while Il-1β was not detectable. Conclusion:  Elevated levels of IL-6 predicted organ failure and severe pancreatitis and suggested its pathophysiological significance in AP.