The Impact of Technologies on the Production Ability of Winter Wheat in the South of Russia

Food security is one of the main conditions for the stable development of society and the country as a whole. The main food crop in the South of Russia is winter wheat. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the system without tillage and the traditional technology of cultivating crop on the production ability of plants and soil quality. The studies were conducted on the territory of Agrokhleboprodukt JSC in the Ipatovsky Region of the Stavropol Territory. The technology without soil cultivation has a positive effect on soil indicators: soil density (1.27–1.28 g/cm3), productive moisture supply (64.7 mm for sunflower and 76.2 mm for chickpeas). The content of exchange potassium before sowing in sunflower was 361.3-365.7 mg/kg, for chickpea - 399.0-403.0 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus - 32.1-33.2 and 36.8-37.4 mg/kg respectively; nitrogen - 12.6-14.4 and 13.0-14.9 mg/kg respectively. On average, in the variant where sunflower acted as the forecrop, the yield of winter wheat varied within 39.2-44.4 c/ha, chickpeas - 44.5-46.7 c/ha. Trend models reflected a very close relationship between factor features (potassium and phosphorus) and winter wheat productivity (r = 1.0).