Sulfonylureas Improve Outcome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— The sulfonylurea receptor 1-regulated NCCa-ATP channel is upregulated in rodent models of stroke with block of the channel by the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide (glyburide), significantly reducing mortality, cerebral edema, and infarct volume. We hypothesized that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking sulfonylurea agents both at the time of stroke and during hospitalization would have superior outcomes. Methods— We reviewed medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized within 24 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke in the Neurology Clinic, Charite Hospital, Berlin, Germany, during 1994 to 2000. After exclusions, the cohort comprised 33 patients taking a sulfonylurea at admission through discharge (treatment group) and 28 patients not on a sulfonylurea (control group). The primary outcome was a decrease in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 4 points or more from admission to discharge or a discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale sco...