Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its Sulfate (DHEAS) in Critical Illness

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant circulating hormone in the human body and can be converted to either androgens or estrogens. It is readily conjugated to its sulfate ester, DHEAS, and they are designated as DHEA(S) here when used together [1]. DHEA has received considerable attention in the lay and scientific press for its anti-aging effects and as mediator of several diseases. A number of reports have suggested that DHEAS levels are inversely related to cardiovascular disease and mortality, but findings have not been consistent [2]. In the USA, DHEA is currently available as an over-the counter drug; as a precursor of testosterone, entitled as a “fountain of youth” [3] or “the last elixir”.