Repeated Intervention for In-Stent Restenosis of the Renal Arteries

PURPOSE To assess the long-term technical success of repeated endovascular intervention in stenosed renal artery stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with stenoses >50% in a renal stent placed because of an ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis were included in this study. In the presence of increased blood pressure or decreased renal function, the in-stent restenosis was treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the stent or placement of a second stent if the stenosis was located too distally in the stent. The results of these repeat interventions were evaluated by angiography. RESULTS The 15 patients had a total of 20 stenosed stents. Eighteen of these in-stent stenoses were treated with PTA and two were treated with placement of a second stent. Angiographic follow-up was available in 16 arteries, showing in-stent restenosis in four (25%; mean follow-up, 11 mo). The cumulative patency rates after repeat endoluminal intervention were 93% (95% CI: 80%–106%) and 76% (95% CI: 52%–101%) after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Renal function remained stable or improved in most patients (80%) after repeated intervention in the stent, and hypertension was classified as improved or cured in 47% of patients after 1 year. CONCLUSION Patients with stenosed renal artery stents can be treated successfully with PTA in a majority of cases, with a long-term success rate of 75% and stable renal function 1 year after repeated intervention.