Thoracic electrical bioimpedance: a non-invasive measure of cardiac output for porcine research:

A comparison of two techniques for measuring cardiac output, thermodilution (TD) and thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), was undertaken in a porcine model. Eight anaesthetized large white pigs were studied. A total of 436 paired measurements were performed over a range of cardiac outputs from 1.7 to 15.11/min as measured by thermodilution. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was r=0.963 with P < 0.001. Analysis by Bland and Altman statistics revealed a mean difference (bias) of -0.021/min and the limits of ±1.6l/min, similar to figures found in human comparative studies. These results confirm that thoracic electrical bioimpedance is a valid method of measuring cardiac output in pigs. It has significant advantages compared to thermodilution, in particular it is cheap, simple to use, non-invasive and provides continuous data.