Infecção por Rhodococcus equi associada à malacoplaquia em paciente HIV - positivo: relato de caso e revisão da literatura Rhodococcus equi infection with pulmonary malacoplakia in HIV patient: a case report and a bibliographic review.

The rhodococcosis, infection caused by the cocobacilli Rhodococcus equi, was described for the first time in animals in 1923 and since then a lot of cases was reported. This article is composed of a bibliographic review and a case report. The first case evolving humans was reported, for the first time, in 1967. Since that the disease was occurring mostly in patients who posses some kind of immunodeficiency and works in the soil. Since the first report in patients with Aids, 228 more cases were described. The most common finding is the pulmary infection. Some are associated with malacoplakia. Some important point are: 1) Rhodococcosis is an opportunistic infection that occurs in the latest stages of immunodepression; 2) all the health professionals should pay attention at these patients, mainly in those who has a pulmonary focus of infection; 3) the early diagnosis is very important to the success of the treatment and healing process.