High power S-band window optimized to minimize electric and magnetic field on the surface

RF windows are used to separate vacuum from atmosphere in high power microwave systems, such as klystrons. RF breakdowns in these megawatt power environments could damage the window. An S-band RF window was designed to have reduced electric and magnetic field in the waveguide joints and the ceramic. Specifically the electric field on the ceramic was minimized and a traveling wave was created inside the ceramic by optimizing the shape of the window and the geometry of the joint between the circular waveguide to the rectangular waveguide. A prototype of this window is being made at SLAC for high power tests.