Strain and charge modulated magnetization in a BTO/Fe3O4/Au/BTO multilayered heterostructure

Temperature dependent magnetization (M–T) in a magnetic field much lower than the saturated field has been explored without and with an electric field applied at two independent positions of a BaTiO3 (BTO)/Fe3O4/Au/BTO multilayered heterostructure. Without an applied electric field, the M–T curve shows two discontinuities around 185 K and 280 K because of the phase transitions of BTO. With an applied electric field, the magnetizations induced by piezoelectric strain (M1) and polarization charges (M2) are obtained by separating the strain and charge effects, respectively. Both the temperature dependent M1 and M2 exhibit two peaks at the phase transition temperatures of BTO simultaneously, which are in accordance with the dielectric nature of BTO. It is also found that M2 decreases rapidly at high temperature due to the increase in thermal motion of screening charges.Temperature dependent magnetization (M–T) in a magnetic field much lower than the saturated field has been explored without and with an electric field applied at two independent positions of a BaTiO3 (BTO)/Fe3O4/Au/BTO multilayered heterostructure. Without an applied electric field, the M–T curve shows two discontinuities around 185 K and 280 K because of the phase transitions of BTO. With an applied electric field, the magnetizations induced by piezoelectric strain (M1) and polarization charges (M2) are obtained by separating the strain and charge effects, respectively. Both the temperature dependent M1 and M2 exhibit two peaks at the phase transition temperatures of BTO simultaneously, which are in accordance with the dielectric nature of BTO. It is also found that M2 decreases rapidly at high temperature due to the increase in thermal motion of screening charges.