Temperature dependent surface images of several ferroic crystals observed by scanning probe microscopy

Temperature variations of the topographic images of the surface of ferroelectric BaTiO 3 and NaKC 4 H 4 O 6 .4H 2 O and ferroealstic WO 3 were investigated by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). From the results, temperature variations of the crystallographic information such as tetragonality, monoclinic and triclinic angles, were obtained.