Lurbinectedin-Induced Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Cecum: A First-Ever Case Report

BACKGROUND Lurbinectedin (Lurbi) was first approved in June 2020 for metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with progression following platinum-based chemotherapy. Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine cancers (SCNECs) are treated with regimens used for SCLCs. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in solid SCLCs and SCNECs following Lurbi use has not been reported in the literature so far. CASE REPORT We report a case of Lurbi-induced TLS in a patient with metastatic SCNEC of the cecum following a single intravenous dose of Lurbi 3.2 mg/m2. She presented to the hospital with abdominal pain, anuria, and grade 4 TLS. She required emergent hemodialysis due to acute renal failure. Our patient had a high Ki-67 proliferation index (95%), harbored a huge disease burden, and had bilateral renal metastasis, thus making her more susceptible to develop TLS. CONCLUSIONS Although data regarding the occurrence of TLS due to Lurbi in solid tumors are scarce, it remains a potential complication of Lurbi in neuroendocrine tumors with high proliferation index and large tumor burden.