Bacopa monnieri for cognitive health—a review of molecular mechanisms of action

Abstract The chapter reviews the overall neuronal molecular mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri with respect to cognitive performance. It starts with defining cognition, and how interruption in signal transduction can cause cognitive impairment. Then the factors influencing signal transduction and regulation of those factors are briefed to give a glimpse on cascade involved in signal transduction and their importance in governing the cognitive performance. The drugs and nutraceuticals commonly used as cognition enhancers and their mechanisms of action are covered in brief before taking up details of B. monnieri. Later, effect of B. monnieri on various factors contributing to signal transduction like neurotransmitters, receptors, second messenger system, gene expression, neuronal structural factors, neuronal connections, cerebral blood flow and neuroprotection are detailed to understand the neuronal molecular mechanisms involved in improving cognitive performance. Summary of this review points toward strong scientific substantiation available in the literature to justify the use of B. monnieri in dietary and food supplements intended for cognitive health.