Current mode biquadratic universal filter

A current mode universal filter using current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) is discussed. The filter provides important and desirable features : (i) Uses only one CCDDCCTA and two capacitors, (ii) One can get low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) current responses using the same configuration without any alteration, (iii) Passive components are grounded, which eases the integrated circuit implementation, (iv) Responses are electronically tunable, and (v) Sensitivity is low. Simulation results agree well with theory.