Effectiveness of a 5-year school-based intervention programme to reduce adiposity and improve fitness and lifestyle in Indian children; the SYM-KEM study

Design Non-randomised non-blinded school-based intervention study. Setting Two schools in the cities of Pune and Nasik, India. Participants The intervention group comprised children attending a Pune school from 7–10 years until 12–15 years of age. Two control groups comprised children of the same age attending a similar school in Nasik, and children in the Pune intervention school but aged 12–15 years at the start of the study. Intervention A 5-year multi-intervention programme, covering three domains: physical activity, diet and general health, and including increased extracurricular and intracurricular physical activity sessions; daily yoga-based breathing exercises; making physical activity a ‘scoring’ subject; nutrition education; healthier school meals; removal of fast-food hawkers from the school environs; and health and nutrition education for teachers, pupils and families. Main outcome measures Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, physical fitness according to simple tests of strength, flexibility and endurance; diet; and lifestyle indicators (time watching TV, studying and actively playing). Results After 5 years the intervention children were fitter than controls in running, long jump, sit-up and push-up tests (p Conclusions It was possible to achieve multiple health-promoting changes in an academically competitive Indian school. These changes resulted in improved physical fitness, but had no impact on the children9s BMI or on the prevalence of overweight/obesity.