РОЛЬ МИКРОБИОТЫ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ АУТОИММУННОГО ВОСПАЛЕНИЯ ПРИ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ КИШЕЧНИКА

The continuous study of the role of genetic factors, intestinal microbiota, and immune system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases is due to the ongoing increase of incidences of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, unknown etiology, and insufficiently studied pathogenesis of these diseases, as well as insufficient efficiency of existing treatment methods. The role of genetic factors determining predisposition to autoimmune reactions leading to chronic inflammation as well as association of genetic factors and particular composition of intestinal microbiota in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases are discussed recently. Changes of intestinal microbiome are considered to be one of the triggers of autoimmune inflammation. Violation of recognition of bacterial molecular markers by dendritic cells, leading to activation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes adaptive subpopulations is considered to be the key defect predisposing to inflammatory bowel diseases development. Probably it is the peculiarities of the composition of the intestinal microbiota that can be the cause of chronic autoimmune inflammation induction in inflammatory bowel diseases.