From light trapping to solar energy utilization: A novel photovoltaic–thermoelectric hybrid system to fully utilize solar spectrum

In this paper, the comprehensive photon and thermal management approaches are proposed to increase the full-spectrum solar energy utilization in PV–TE (photovoltaic–thermoelectric) hybrid systems. The bio-inspired moth-eye nanostructured surface is adopted to suppress the reflection for full solar spectrum photons while the enhanced transmission film is used to improve the transmission for photons with energy below the band-gap of PV cells, making the reasonable utilization of solar spectrum energy. The PV–TE hybrid system is studied for both terrestrial and space applications, corresponding to different thermal management approaches. The effects of geometric parameters, incident angle, thermal concentration ratio, and optical concentration ratio on the system performance are discussed. The results show that the PV–TE hybrid system exhibits better performance under both AM1.5 and AM0 illumination without any optical concentration compared to pure PV cells under the same conditions. For an optical concentrated solar PV–TE system, although the efficiency of the system may decrease with the increment of optical concentration ratio, the total power output increases for both terrestrial and space applications. The results indicate that a lower concentration ratio is more suitable for PV–TE hybrid systems in both terrestrial and space applications unless more powerful temperature management tricks are taken.