ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭФФЕКТОРНЫХ СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ЛИМФОЦИТОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С УВЕАЛЬНОЙ МЕЛАНОМОЙ ПРИ АКТИВАЦИИ И ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ТЕЧЕНИИ ГЕРПЕСВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ

The immune response to any antigen includes the induction of effector and regulatory T lymphocytes. In tumors, an imbalance in the subpopulation of lymphocytes is noted. Ophthalmotropic pathogens of herpes virus infections play a role in the etiopathogenesis of some oncological processes in the tissues of the eye. Their “cancer modulating” role is to regulate the functions of immunocompetent cells by viruses and reprogram it in the direction of greater progression of tumor growth. The aim of our study was a comparative analysis of the content of effector subpopulations of blood lymphocytes in patients with uveal melanoma during activation and the chronic course of herpes virus infection. The study involved 141 people: with uveal melanoma 70 patients, with corneal ulcers and involvement of the uveal tract - 38 patients and 33 healthy donors. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow laser cytofluorimetry using a monoclonal antibody system to differentiate lymphocyte subpopulations. IgM and IgG antibodies to herpes virus infections were determined in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on an automatic ELISA analyzer "Lazurite" (USA) with diagnostic kits of CJSC Vector-Best (Koltsovo). The results of the study showed that the absolute number of blood lymphocytes (CD45 +) in patients with uveal melanoma, regardless of the presence of active or chronic herpes virus infection, did not differ from the values in healthy donors. In patients with corneal ulcers involving the uveal tract, an increase was noted. A decrease in the relative and absolute content of T cells (CD3+) was revealed in patients with uveal melanoma during activation and the chronic course of herpes virus infection. An increase in the absolute content of CD3 + was noted in patients with active and chronic herpesvirus infection in patients with inflammatory lesions of the eye. There was no difference in the relative and absolute contents of the subpopulation of CD3 + CD4 + helpers / inducers upon activation of herpes virus infections in tumor. With corneal ulcers - a significant increase in the absolute content of CD3 + CD4 + helpers / inducers with active and chronic infection. In chronic herpes virus infection, an increase in the relative and absolute number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3 + CD8 +) with uveal melanoma was revealed. With active infection, a decrease in the relative number of T-lymphocytes (CD3 + CD8 +) in the tumor was noted. With corneal ulcers involving the uveal tract, an increase in the absolute content during activation and chronic infection and a decrease in the relative content compared to the norm were determined. When analyzing the “double positive” T cells in a tumor, an increase in relative and absolute indices was observed in chronic and active infection with herpes viruses. The same trends were observed with inflammatory eye diseases. Analysis of the content of B-lymphocytes (CD19 +) in blood with melanoma showed an increase in the absolute number during activation and the chronic course of herpes virus infection. When analyzing the indicators of the absolute and relative content of B-lymphocytes (CD19 +) with inflammation of the membranes of the eyes, their increase was revealed regardless of activation or chronic infection. The relative number of natural killers (CD16 + CD56 +) of blood with uveal melanoma increased with infection activation. In inflammatory eye diseases, a decrease in the relative content of natural killers (CD16 + CD56 +) was found in chronic infection and active herpes virus infection. With melanoma, no changes in the index of the ratio CD4 + / CD8 + were detected, with ulcerative lesions of the cornea involving the uveal tract, its increase was noted in acute and chronic infections with herpes virus infections. (p <0.05). Thus, our own studies suggest a deep suppression of the immune system of the body of patients with uveal melanoma, which does not allow the activation of antiviral protection. Tumor causes multidirectional shifts in the relative and absolute content of lymphocytes during activation and chronic infection with herpes virus infections. The results obtained are important for the development of personalized approaches to the prognosis and treatment of patients with uveal melanoma.